Influence of smoking on the healing of conservatively treated displaced midshaft clavicle fractures.
Gilles DietrichAlexandre TerrierMelissa FavreJolanda ElmersLaurie StocktonDino SoppelsaStéphane CherixFrederic VauclairPublished in: The bone & joint journal (2023)
Smoking confers a RR of 3.68 for developing a nonunion in patients with a displaced middle third clavicle fracture treated conservatively. We know that most patients with pseudarthrosis will have pain and a poor functional outcome. Therefore, patients should be informed of the significantly higher risks of nonunion and offered smoking cessation efforts and counselling. Moreover, surgery should be considered for any patient who smokes with this type of fracture.
Keyphrases
- coronary artery disease
- smoking cessation
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- replacement therapy
- newly diagnosed
- end stage renal disease
- minimally invasive
- ejection fraction
- chronic pain
- prognostic factors
- case report
- peritoneal dialysis
- pain management
- hip fracture
- patient reported outcomes
- spinal cord
- human immunodeficiency virus
- hiv testing