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Influence of smoking on the healing of conservatively treated displaced midshaft clavicle fractures.

Gilles DietrichAlexandre TerrierMelissa FavreJolanda ElmersLaurie StocktonDino SoppelsaStéphane CherixFrederic Vauclair
Published in: The bone & joint journal (2023)
Smoking confers a RR of 3.68 for developing a nonunion in patients with a displaced middle third clavicle fracture treated conservatively. We know that most patients with pseudarthrosis will have pain and a poor functional outcome. Therefore, patients should be informed of the significantly higher risks of nonunion and offered smoking cessation efforts and counselling. Moreover, surgery should be considered for any patient who smokes with this type of fracture.
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