Recreational and ergogenic substance use and substance use disorders in elite athletes: a narrative review.

David McDuffTodd StullJoão Mauricio Castaldelli-MaiaMary E HitchcockBrian HainlineClaudia L Reardon

Published in: British journal of sports medicine (2019)

Substance use in elite athletes varies by country, ethnicity, gender, sport and competitive level. There are no studies on substance use disorder prevalence in elite male and female athletes and few studies with direct comparison groups.

Keyphrases

body composition
high school
case control
risk factors
mental health