False-negative factors of percutaneous transluminal clamp biopsy for suspected malignant biliary stricture: 194 cases analyzed from a single center.

• Factors predictive of false negatives in the diagnosis of biliary stricture etiology by PTCB may aid in the interpretation of results. • Non-cholangiocarcinoma BS is an independent risk factor for FNV on PTCB. • PTCB is an effective minimally invasive interventional technique for BS diagnosis.