Detailed structure analyses on Cobalt doped PbTiO 3 powders.

The identification of the defects and secondary phases which significantly affect the material properties are of crucial importance. In this study, a systematic structure examination of PbTiO 3 and cobalt doped PbTiO 3 powder ceramics was carried out. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies were applied along with nonsimultaneous thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The doped and undoped PbTiO 3 materials were synthesized via a practical sol-gel route that takes place at 50 ° C. The perovskite formation for both materials was verified. The dislocation density of cobalt doped PbTiO 3 was found to be 0.0121 nm -2 while it was 0.00239 nm -2 for the undoped material. Besides, a strong strain effect was observed for cobalt doped PbTiO 3 via XRD. This was attributed to the Co 3 O 4 phase which was detected through EPR and FT-IR analyses. The formation of the Co 3 O 4 phase during synthesis revealed the previously unexpected nonimproved ferroelectric behavior for cobalt doped PbTiO 3 . The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss (tan δ) of cobalt doped PbTiO 3 were estimated as 1066 and 0.8370, respectively.