Frailty and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Narrative Review.

Frailty is highly prevalent in older adults with cardiovascular disease and is a robust, independent predictor of cardiovascular death. There is a growing interest in using frailty to inform management of cardiovascular disease either through pre- or post-treatment prognostication or by delineating treatment heterogeneity in which frailty serves to distinguish patients with differential harms or benefits from a given therapy. Frailty can enable more individualized treatment in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Future studies are needed to standardize frailty assessment across cardiovascular trials and enable implementation of frailty assessment in cardiovascular clinical practice.