In Vitro Insulin Resistance Model: A Recent Update.
Ratih Dewi YudhaniYulia SariDwi Aris Agung NugrahaningsihEti Nurwening SholikhahMaftuchah RochmantiAbdul Khairul Rizki PurbaHusnul KhotimahDian NugrahennyMustofa MustofaPublished in: Journal of obesity (2023)
Insulin resistance, which affects insulin-sensitive tissues, including adipose tissues, skeletal muscle, and the liver, is the central pathophysiological mechanism underlying type 2 diabetes progression. Decreased glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive tissues disrupts insulin signaling pathways, particularly the PI3K/Akt pathway. An in vitro model is appropriate for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance because it is easy to maintain and the results can be easily reproduced. The application of cell-based models for exploring the pathogenesis of diabetes and insulin resistance as well as for developing drugs for these conditions is well known. However, a comprehensive review of in vitro insulin resistance models is lacking. Therefore, this review was conducted to provide a comprehensive overview and summary of the latest in vitro insulin resistance models, particularly 3T3-L1 (preadipocyte), C2C12 (skeletal muscle), and HepG2 (liver) cell lines induced with palmitic acid, high glucose, or chronic exposure to insulin.
Keyphrases
- insulin resistance
- type diabetes
- glycemic control
- skeletal muscle
- high glucose
- high fat diet
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- adipose tissue
- metabolic syndrome
- high fat diet induced
- blood glucose
- gene expression
- cardiovascular disease
- endothelial cells
- signaling pathway
- blood pressure
- single cell
- oxidative stress
- drug induced
- cell therapy