Islet Autoimmunity and HLA Markers of Presymptomatic and Clinical Type 1 Diabetes: Joint Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies in Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S.
Vibha AnandYing LiBin LiuMohamed GhalwashEileen KoskiKenney NgJessica L DunneJosefine JönssonChristiane WinklerOlli H LaitinenJorma ToppariJorma IlonenMichael B KillianBrigitte I FrohnertMarkus LundgrenAnette-Gabriele ZieglerWilliam A HagopianRiitta VeijolaMarian Rewersnull nullPublished in: Diabetes care (2021)
The number of islet autoantibodies at seroconversion reliably predicts 15-year type 1 diabetes risk. In children retaining a single autoantibody, HLA-DR-DQ genotypes can further refine risk of progression.