High Rates of Recurrent Tuberculosis Disease: A Population-level Cohort Study.
Sabine M HermansNesbert ZinyakatiraJudy CaldwellFrank G J CobelensAndrew BoulleRobin WoodPublished in: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (2021)
TB recurrence rates were high and increased per subsequent episode, independent of HIV status. This suggests that HIV infection is insufficient to explain the high burden of recurrence; it is more likely due to a high annual risk of infection combined with an increased risk of infection or progression to disease associated with a previous TB episode. The very high recurrence rates would justify increased TB surveillance of patients with >1 episode.