Molecular classification of urothelial bladder carcinoma.
Lucia SchwarzovaZuzana Varchulova NovakovaL'uboš DanišovičStanislav ZiaranPublished in: Molecular biology reports (2023)
Urothelial bladder carcinoma (UC) ranks among the top ten most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide on an annual basis. The standardized classification system for urothelial bladder tumors is the Tumor, Node, Metastasis classification, which reflects differences between non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) and it depends on the extent to which tumor has infiltrated the bladder wall and other tissues and organs. NMIBC and MIBC exhibit great intrinsic heterogeneity regarding different prognoses, survival, progression, and treatment outcomes. In recent years, studies based on mRNA expression profiling revealed the existence of biologically relevant molecular subtypes of UC, which show variant molecular features that can provide more precise stratification of UC patients. Here, we present a complex classification of UC based on mRNA expression studies and molecular subtypes of NMIBC and MIBC in detail with regard to different mRNA expression profiles, mutational signatures, and infiltration by non-tumor cells. The possible impact of molecular subtyping on treatment decisions and patients' outcomes is outlined, too.
Keyphrases
- urinary tract
- spinal cord injury
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- deep learning
- machine learning
- chronic kidney disease
- newly diagnosed
- skeletal muscle
- high grade
- peritoneal dialysis
- prognostic factors
- single molecule
- lymph node
- single cell
- type diabetes
- patient reported outcomes
- binding protein
- case control
- combination therapy
- smoking cessation