Colistin Susceptibility Testing by Rapid Colistin Disk Elution Test Among Enterobacteriaceae in Low-Resource Setting.

We modified rapid polymyxin Nordmann-Poirel (RPNP) test, called rapid colistin disk elution (RCDE) test, for detecting colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacilli and evaluated its performance compared with colistin broth disk elution (CBDE) test recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The RCDE test was performed by using a 10-μg colistin disk in 2.7 mL volume (final colistin concentration of 3.7 μg/mL) of either cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth or phenol red broth base media with bacterial inoculum of 1-μL loop, and 1-4 and 16-20 hr incubation for Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, respectively. Both tests were evaluated in 236 Enterobacteriaceae and 49 A. baumannii isolates using broth microdilution as reference method. Among the Enterobacteriaceae isolates, categorical agreement and very major error (VME or false intermediate susceptibility) rate were 98.3% and 5.4%, respectively, for the RCDE test, compared with 97.9% and 7.1%, respectively, for the CBDE test. Both tests had major error (ME or false resistance) rate of 0.6%. For the A. baumannii isolates, the RCDE and CBDE tests gave high VME rates of 8.3% and 16.7%, respectively. The RCDE test showed good performance comparable with the CBDE test but is cheaper and more rapid (3 hr) and convenient, thus suggesting as an alternative for detecting colistin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae in low-income countries.