The Spectrum of Pregnancy-Associated Heart Failure Phenotypes: An Echocardiographic Study.
Kathryn J LindleyDominique WilliamsShayna N ConnerAmanda VermaAlison G CahillVictor G Davila-RomanPublished in: The international journal of cardiovascular imaging (2020)
Compare echocardiographic phenotypes of women presenting with peripartum heart failure. A retrospective case-control study of pregnant women (n = 86) presenting with PP-HF symptoms (i.e., dyspnea, PND, orthopnea) and objective examination and laboratory findings (lung congestion, elevated JVP and/or HJR, elevated brain natriuretic peptide [BNP] and pulmonary edema on chest X-ray). Three distinct phenotypes based on echocardiographically-defined LVEF were identified: (a) PP-HF with preserved ejection fraction (PP HFpEF, LVEF: > 50%); (b) PP-HF with midrange ejection fraction (PP HFmrEF, LVEF: 40-50%); c) PP-HF with reduced ejection fraction (PP HFrEF, LVEF: < 40%); these were compared with 17 pregnant subjects without PP-HF symptoms/findings. Most patients were African American (n = 63; 73%), with low prevalence of hypertension (n = 15, 17%) or diabetes mellitus (n = 5, 5%); pre-eclampsia was highly prevalent (n = 52, 60%). Echocardiographically-defined phenotypes (HFpEF, n = 37; HFmrEF, n = 18; HFrEF, n = 31) showed progressively worse abnormalities in LV remodeling (LV enlargement, LV hypertrophy), LV diastolic function, and right ventricular function; the three PP-HF groups had comparable abnormalities in increased left atrial size and estimated peak tricuspid valve regurgitation velocity. Compared to controls, all three groups had significantly increased filling pressures, LV mass index and left atrial volume index. Peripartum women presenting with the clinical syndrome of heart failure exhibit a spectrum of echocardiographic phenotypes. Significant abnormalities in LV structure, diastolic function, LA size, peak TR velocity and RV function were identified in women with preserved and mid-range EFs, suggesting pregnancy-related cardiac pathophysiologic derangements.
Keyphrases
- ejection fraction
- aortic stenosis
- left ventricular
- left atrial
- heart failure
- mitral valve
- acute heart failure
- atrial fibrillation
- pregnant women
- african american
- cardiac resynchronization therapy
- pregnancy outcomes
- aortic valve
- case report
- blood pressure
- catheter ablation
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- magnetic resonance imaging
- pulmonary hypertension
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- high resolution
- preterm birth
- physical activity
- white matter
- prognostic factors
- end stage renal disease
- sleep quality
- patient reported outcomes