Prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by a rapid breath test.

Since CT has inherent weakness in hollow organ assessment and no other ideal biomarker has been found, our study provided a noninvasive, feasible, and inexpensive tool that could precisely predict ESCC patients' response to neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy combination using breath test based on HPPI-TOFMS.