Use of Commercial Mixed-Mode Stationary Phases and Sorbents in the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis and Solid-Phase Extraction of Ionized and Hydrophilic Bioactive Compounds.
Takeshi FukushimaMikoto KoishiTatsuya SakamotoMayu OnozatoPublished in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2024)
Mixed-mode high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is increasingly used for the analysis of ionic and highly hydrophilic drugs, which are difficult to separate by conventional single-mode HPLC. In the former case, chromatographic separation is achieved using one of the several commercially available mixed-mode stationary phases, typically combinations of reversed and ion-exchange phases. Moreover, mixed-mode stationary phases can be used as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents. This review focuses on the recent applications of mixed-mode stationary phases in the chromatographic analysis of bioactive compounds, such as drugs, herbicides, and pesticides. Specifically, we briefly summarize HPLC methods utilizing mixed-mode stationary phases and SPE pretreatment procedures utilizing mixed-mode sorbents developed in the last decade, thus providing a reference work for overcoming the difficulties in analyzing ionized or hydrophilic drugs by conventional reversed-phase chromatography.
Keyphrases
- solid phase extraction
- liquid chromatography
- high performance liquid chromatography
- tandem mass spectrometry
- simultaneous determination
- mass spectrometry
- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- molecularly imprinted
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- gas chromatography
- ms ms
- risk assessment
- high resolution