Neuroprotective Effect of Hydroxytyrosol in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy: Relationship with Cardiovascular Biomarkers.
José Antonio González-CorreaMaría Dolores Rodríguez-PérezLucía Márquez-EstradaJuan Antonio López-VillodresJosé Julio ReyesGuillermo Rodriguez-GutierrezJuan Fernández-BolañosJosé Pedro De La CruzPublished in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (2018)
The aim of the study was to test the neuroprotective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on experimental diabetic retinopathy. Animals were divided in four groups: (1) control nondiabetic rats, (2) streptozotocin-diabetic rats (DR), (3) DR treated with 1 mg/kg/day p.o. HT, and (4) DR treated with 5 mg/kg/day p.o. HT. Treatment with HT was started 7 days before inducing diabetes and was maintained for 2 months. In the DR group, total area occupied by extracellular matrix was increased, area occupied by retinal cells was decreased; both returned to near-control values in DR rats treated with HT. The number of retinal ganglion cells in DR was significantly lower (44%) than in the control group, and this decrease was smaller after HT treatment (34% and 9.1%). Linear regression analysis showed that prostacyclin, platelet aggregation, peroxynitrites, and the dose of 5 mg/kg/day HT significantly influenced retinal ganglion cell count. In conclusion, HT exerted a neuroprotective effect on diabetic retinopathy, and this effect correlated significantly with changes in some cardiovascular biomarkers.
Keyphrases
- diabetic retinopathy
- optical coherence tomography
- editorial comment
- diabetic rats
- extracellular matrix
- induced apoptosis
- oxidative stress
- type diabetes
- cardiovascular disease
- stem cells
- cell cycle arrest
- high fat diet
- newly diagnosed
- pulmonary arterial hypertension
- cerebral ischemia
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- metabolic syndrome
- single cell
- signaling pathway
- brain injury
- bone marrow
- glycemic control
- blood brain barrier
- data analysis