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Familial confounding affected the associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring speech and language, scholastic and coordination disorders.

Bianca ArrheniusAmir SariaslanAuli SuominenAndre SouranderDavid Gyllenberg
Published in: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) (2021)
The sibling comparisons suggested that the associations between prenatal smoking and speech and language, scholastic, coordination and mixed developmental disorders were confounded by familial factors shared by differentially exposed siblings.
Keyphrases
  • smoking cessation
  • autism spectrum disorder
  • early onset
  • pregnant women
  • high fat diet
  • intellectual disability
  • birth weight
  • pregnancy outcomes
  • metabolic syndrome
  • adipose tissue
  • physical activity
  • body mass index