Ischemic ulcers of the toes secondary to Raynaud's phenomenon in a child successfully treated with botulinum toxin.
Lucia Quintana-CastanedoMarta Feito-RodríguezRocío Maseda PedreroClara Chiloeches FernándezRaúl de Lucas LagunaPublished in: Pediatric dermatology (2020)
Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is an episodic vasospastic response to cold or emotional stress causing color changes and pain. These attacks can lead to digital ischemia, ulcers, and gangrene. Severe and refractory RP in children is a therapeutic challenge for clinicians because there are no standardized treatment protocols for these patients. We present a case of RP involving the toes of a child successfully treated with botulinum toxin A.
Keyphrases
- botulinum toxin
- end stage renal disease
- mental health
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- chronic pain
- chronic kidney disease
- prognostic factors
- young adults
- peritoneal dialysis
- palliative care
- early onset
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- spinal cord injury
- wound healing
- oxidative stress
- blood brain barrier
- spinal cord
- patient reported
- replacement therapy