Antibacterial and Oxidative Stress-Protective Effects of Five Monoterpenes from Softwood.
Riina Muilu-MäkeläUlla AapolaJenni TienahoHannu UusitaloTytti SarjalaPublished in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) affect the quality of indoor air. Terpenes and especially monoterpenes are the main molecules emitted from softwood material (coniferous species), which is widely used in construction. The corneal epithelium is one of the first human membranes to encounter VOCs in the air. Moreover, the industrial use of pleasant-scented monoterpenes in cosmetics, food, and detergents exposes people to monoterpenes in their daily lives. In the present study, the health effective properties of five monoterpenes from softwood were tested; cytotoxicity and oxidative stress-protective effects of α- and β-pinenes, R- and S-limonene, and 3-carene were tested in a human corneal epithelial (HCE) cell model system and with two additional in vitro antioxidant tests: oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) scavenging. Antibacterial efficacies were tested with two bioluminescent bacterial biosensor strains ( Escherichia coli K12+pcGLS11 and Staphylococcus aureus RN4220+pAT19) and with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test against Escherichia coli . Only very high concentrations of monoterpenes (0.3-0.5 mg/mL) demonstrated cytotoxicity against HCE cells. Contrary to the original hypothesis, monoterpenes did not exhibit strong antioxidant properties in tested concentrations. However, biosensors and MIC tests indicated clear antibacterial activities for all tested monoterpenes.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- escherichia coli
- hydrogen peroxide
- induced apoptosis
- endothelial cells
- staphylococcus aureus
- anti inflammatory
- wound healing
- nitric oxide
- healthcare
- public health
- silver nanoparticles
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- dna damage
- biofilm formation
- mental health
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- physical activity
- gold nanoparticles
- air pollution
- signaling pathway
- single cell
- quantum dots
- particulate matter
- cell proliferation
- heavy metals
- bone marrow
- heat shock
- cell cycle arrest
- climate change
- risk assessment
- social media
- mesenchymal stem cells
- essential oil
- genetic diversity
- heat stress
- health risk