Exosomes derived from stem cells from the apical papilla alleviate inflammation in rat pulpitis by upregulating regulatory T cells.

SCAP-Exos promoted Treg conversion and effectively alleviated inflammation in the dental pulp of rats. This study shows that SCAP-Exos can regulate the local immune microenvironment to favour tissue regeneration, thus providing a potential novel strategy utilising SCAP-Exos as a cell-free approach to treat early inflammation of dental pulp in immature permanent teeth in the clinic.