CD8+ Cytotoxic-T-Lymphocyte Breadth Could Facilitate Early Immune Detection of Immunodeficiency Virus-Derived Epitopes with Limited Expression Levels.
Tetsuo TsukamotoHiroyuki YamamotoTetsuro MatanoPublished in: mSphere (2019)
Cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses are important to control the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Accumulating evidence suggests that the ability of a few immunodominant T-cell populations to detect and kill HIV/SIV-infected cells is important in individuals with a protective major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) allele. On the other hand, immunization with live(-attenuated) viruses may be effective against superinfection of virulent viral strains regardless of the host's MHC-I haplotypes, although the underlying mechanisms have not been fully documented. In this article, we propose a hypothesis that the early detection of infected cells in superinfected individuals may be partly facilitated by recognition of diverse CTL epitopes with limited expression levels. We further explain the hypothesis using simple mathematics that was written based on previous in vitro viral suppression assay results and by considering the physical contact of infected cells with CTLs.
Keyphrases
- human immunodeficiency virus
- induced apoptosis
- antiretroviral therapy
- hepatitis c virus
- cell cycle arrest
- hiv infected
- hiv aids
- hiv positive
- hiv testing
- sars cov
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- cell death
- physical activity
- high throughput
- mental health
- peripheral blood
- cell proliferation
- men who have sex with men
- south africa