Generalized convulsive seizures are associated with ketamine anesthesia in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) undergoing urodynamic studies and transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation.

A female rhesus macaque developed two episodes of generalized convulsions during transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSCS) and urodynamic studies under ketamine anesthesia. The seizures took place in the absence of active TSCS and bladder pressure elevation. Ketamine anesthesia remains the primary risk factor for the convulsions during these experimental procedures.