Factors Contributing to Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients with Angina and Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease.

Our results indicated that smoking status and EM use were associated with CMD. The risk of CMD differed between the two CMD components and sex. Although these factors should be considered when treating CMD, smoking cessation remains important. In addition, CMD assessment should be performed carefully when EM is used after ACh provocation. Further validation of our findings using prospective studies and large registries is warranted.