Aminoguanidine-Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization of o-Phenylenediamines with CO 2 in the Presence of Triethoxysilane.

An inexpensive and efficient aminoguanidine-catalyzed reductive cyclization of o -phenylenediamines with CO 2 in the presence of triethoxysilane is described. Various functionalized benzimidazoles, benzoxazole, and benzothiazole were synthesized in high yields. Mechanistic studies indicate that formic acid as a cocatalyst promotes the cyclization reaction.