Effect of pharmacist-led interventions on medication adherence and inhalation technique in adult patients with asthma or COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pharmacist-led interventions can improve inhalation technique in adult asthma and COPD patients. Significant improvement in medication adherence was found only in COPD patients. The effect among asthmatic patients requires further study. Interventions based on the IMB model may be worthy of clinical promotion and application. More future research is needed to establish solid evidence base for effective interventions and uniform measurement of medication adherence.