Hypertension in children and adolescents.
Giovanni de SimoneCostantino MancusiHenner HanssenSimonetta GenovesiEmpar LurbeGianfranco ParatiSkaiste SendzikaiteGiuliana ValerioProcolo Di BonitoGiovanni Di SalvoMarc FerriniPaul LeesonPhilip MoonsConstance G WeismannBryan WilliamsPublished in: European heart journal (2022)
Definition and management of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents are uncertain, due to different positions of current guidelines. The European Society of Cardiology task-force, constituted by Associations and Councils with interest in arterial hypertension, has reviewed current literature and evidence, to produce a Consensus Document focused on aspects of hypertension in the age range of 6-16 years, including definition, methods of measurement of blood pressure, clinical evaluation, assessment of hypertension-mediated target organ damage, evaluation of possible vascular, renal and hormonal causes, assessment and management of concomitant risk factors with specific attention for obesity, and anti-hypertensive strategies, especially focused on life-style modifications. The Consensus Panel also suggests aspects that should be studied with high priority, including generation of multi-ethnic sex, age and height specific European normative tables, implementation of randomized clinical trials on different diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, and long-term cohort studies to link with adult cardiovascular risk. Finally, suggestions for the successful implementation of the contents of the present Consensus document are also given.
Keyphrases
- arterial hypertension
- blood pressure
- clinical evaluation
- clinical practice
- risk factors
- hypertensive patients
- healthcare
- primary care
- heart rate
- type diabetes
- metabolic syndrome
- body mass index
- systematic review
- weight loss
- working memory
- oxidative stress
- insulin resistance
- blood glucose
- cardiac surgery
- young adults
- skeletal muscle
- physical activity
- double blind