Credibility of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Count Ratio in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.
Dorota Siwicka-GierobaWojciech DąbrowskiPublished in: Life (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The consequences of a TBI generate the activation and accumulation of inflammatory cells. The peak number of neutrophils entering into an injured brain is observed after 24 h; however, cells infiltrate within 5 min of closed brain injury. Neutrophils release toxic molecules including free radicals, proinflammatory cytokines, and proteases that advance secondary damage. Regulatory T cells impair T cell infiltration into the central nervous system and elevate reactive astrogliosis and interferon-γ gene expression, probably inducing the process of healing. Therefore, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may be a low-cost, objective, and available predictor of inflammation as well as a marker of secondary injury associated with neutrophil activation. Recent studies have documented that an NLR value on admission might be effective for predicting outcome and mortality in severe brain injury patients.
Keyphrases
- brain injury
- traumatic brain injury
- severe traumatic brain injury
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- regulatory t cells
- induced apoptosis
- gene expression
- cerebral ischemia
- low cost
- oxidative stress
- dendritic cells
- end stage renal disease
- cell cycle arrest
- ejection fraction
- emergency department
- chronic kidney disease
- newly diagnosed
- prognostic factors
- dna methylation
- peritoneal dialysis
- type diabetes
- early onset
- cardiovascular disease
- risk factors
- peripheral blood
- cell death
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- cardiovascular events
- immune response
- signaling pathway
- patient reported