Toxicological effects of thimerosal on rat kidney: a histological and biochemical study.
Muhammad Umar IjazS A MajeedAsma AshrafT AliK A Al-GhanimF AsadS ZafarM IsmailAbdul SamadZ AhmedF A MisnedM N RiazShahid MahboobPublished in: Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia (2021)
Thimerosal is an organomercurial compound, which is used in the preparation of intramuscular immunoglobulin, antivenoms, tattoo inks, skin test antigens, nasal products, ophthalmic drops, and vaccines as a preservative. In most of animal species and humans, the kidney is one of the main sites for mercurial compounds deposition and target organs for toxicity. So, the current research was intended to assess the thimerosal induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. Twenty-four adult male albino rats were categorized into four groups. The first group was a control group. Rats of Group-II, Group-III, and Group-IV were administered with 0.5µg/kg, 10µg/kg, and 50µg/kg of thimerosal once a day, respectively. Thimerosal administration significantly decreased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione (GSH), and protein content while increased the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels dose-dependently. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, urobilinogen, urinary proteins, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were substantially increased. In contrast, urinary albumin and creatinine clearance was reduced dose-dependently in thimerosal treated groups. The results demonstrated that thimerosal significantly increased the inflammation indicators including nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activities, DNA and histopathological damages dose-dependently. So, the present findings ascertained that thimerosal exerted nephrotoxicity in male albino rats.
Keyphrases
- hydrogen peroxide
- nuclear factor
- oxidative stress
- toll like receptor
- rheumatoid arthritis
- nitric oxide
- magnetic resonance
- drug induced
- uric acid
- diabetic rats
- dendritic cells
- mass spectrometry
- computed tomography
- young adults
- drinking water
- metabolic syndrome
- high glucose
- soft tissue
- molecularly imprinted
- fluorescent probe
- liquid chromatography
- childhood cancer