Evaluation of field resistance in field-collected mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say through quantification of ULV permethrin/PBO formulation in field bioassays.

Results showed the suitability of the collection and quantification method to estimate the field resistance ratio at the applied pesticide rate. Pesticide quantification would also allow to associate known frequencies of resistance mechanisms (e.g., kdr, CYP450) with field mortalities to estimate the resistance level conferred by such mechanisms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.