Ca-α-SiAlON:Eu Phosphors: Oxidation States, Energy Transfer, and Emission Enhancement by Incorporation-Aimed Surface Engineering.

Ca-α-SiAlON:Eu is one of the most promising phosphors exhibiting potential applications in high power LEDs owing to its excellent thermal stability and relatively high luminescence efficiency comparable to YAG:Ce commercial phosphors. The oxidation states of Eu ions in Ca-α-SiAlON:Eu are still questionable, and furthermore it exhibits lower luminescence intensity than commercial yellow phosphors. Therefore, in the present work, the valences of Eu ions in Ca-α-SiAlON have been examined, from which a mixture of divalence and trivalence is observed. Further improvement in emission intensity involves finding a way to increase the incorporation of larger Eu ions into the Ca-α-SiAlON. Here, we observed preferred doping of Eu around phosphor grain surface and then propose a surface engineering strategy involving HF pickling of glassy surface layer, formation of Eu-rich precursors, and finally post-annealing, aiming to increase surface incorporation of Eu ions. The surface engineered samples exhibit great enhancement in emission intensity with a maximum increment by 80%.