Gut microbiota modulation and gold nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy for treatment of recalcitrant acne.

Recent studies highlight that gut dysbiosis, an imbalanced state of intestinal microbiota, exacerbates skin inflammation. Here, we showed the presence of gut microbiota alterations in two patients with recalcitrant acne and investigated the impact of its therapeutic modulation together with gold nanoshell-mediated photothermal therapy (gold PTT).