Subsecond Three-Dimensional Nitrogen-15 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Facilitated by Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarization.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides unique information about the internal structure and function of living organisms in a non-invasive way. The use of conventional proton MRI for the observation of real-time metabolism is hampered by the dominant signals of water and fat, which are abundant in living organisms. Heteronuclear MRI in conjunction with the hyperpolarization methods does not encounter this issue. In this work, we polarized 15 N nuclei of [ 15 N 1 ]fampridine (a drug used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis) to the level of 4% in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments and 0.7% in MRI studies using spin-lock-induced crossing combined with signal amplification by reversible exchange. Consequently, three-dimensional 15 N MRI of the hyperpolarized 15 N-labeled drug was acquired in 0.1 s with a signal-to-noise ratio of 70. In addition, the NMR signal enhancements for 15 N-enriched fampridine and fampridine with a natural abundance of 15 N nuclei were compared and an explanation for their difference was proposed.