Activation and depression of neural and hemodynamic responses induced by the intracortical microstimulation and visual stimulation in the mouse visual cortex.

These results suggest that the mechanism underlying depression differs from activation, requiring ample oxygen supply, and affecting neurons. Our findings provide a novel understanding of evoked excitatory neuronal activity induced by intracortical microstimulation and offer insights into neuro-devices that utilize both activation and depression phenomena to achieve desired neural responses.&#xD.