Neuro-Immune Interactions in Severe COVID-19 Infection.
Elena RossiLuciano MuttiAndrea MorrioneAntonio GiordanoPublished in: Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
SARS-CoV-2 is a new coronavirus that has affected the world since 2019. Interstitial pneumonia is the most common clinical presentation, but additional symptoms have been reported, including neurological manifestations. Severe forms of infection, especially in elderly patients, present as an excessive inflammatory response called "cytokine storm", which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan failure and death. Little is known about the relationship between symptoms and clinical outcomes or the characteristics of virus-host interactions. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight possible links between neurological involvement and respiratory damage mediated by pathological inflammatory pathways in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We will focus on neuro-immune interactions and age-related immunity decline and discuss some pathological mechanisms that contribute to negative outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we will describe available therapeutic strategies and their effects on COVID-19 neurological symptoms.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- inflammatory response
- mechanical ventilation
- oxidative stress
- sleep quality
- early onset
- coronavirus disease
- respiratory failure
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- intensive care unit
- cerebral ischemia
- type diabetes
- metabolic syndrome
- toll like receptor
- lps induced
- brain injury
- physical activity
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- depressive symptoms
- adipose tissue
- skeletal muscle
- drug induced