Concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines/Z-drugs in Alberta, Canada and the risk of hospitalisation and death: a case cross-over study.

Concurrent use of opioids and BZDs further contributes to the risk of hospitalisation/ED visits and mortality in Alberta, Canada over opioid use alone, with higher opioid doses, older age and increased number of unique health providers carrying higher risks. Regulatory bodies and health providers should reinforce safe drug-use practices and be vigilant about coprescribing.