Titanium salts tested in reconstructed human skin with integrated MUTZ-3-derived Langerhans cells show an irritant rather than a sensitizing potential.

Charlotte T Rodrigues NevesSander W SpiekstraNiels P J de GraafThomas RustemeyerAlbert J FeilzerCees J KleverlaanSusan Gibbs

Published in: Contact dermatitis (2020)

These results classify titanium salts as irritants rather than sensitizers and indicate that titanium implant-related complaints could be due to localized irritant-mediated inflammation arising from leachable agents rather than a titanium metal allergy.

Keyphrases

induced apoptosis
oxidative stress
ionic liquid
cell cycle arrest
risk assessment
signaling pathway
cell death
human health
pi k akt
infectious diseases