Genome-Wide Analysis of the ERF Family and Identification of Potential Genes Involved in Fruit Ripening in Octoploid Strawberry.

Ethylene response factors (ERFs) belonging to the APETALA2/ERF superfamily acted at the end of the ethylene signaling pathway, and they were found to play important roles in plant growth and development. However, the information of ERF genes in strawberry and their involvement in fruit ripening have been limited. Here, a total of 235 ERF members were identified from 426 AP2/ERF genes at octoploid strawberry genome level and classified into six subgroups according to their sequence characteristics and phylogenetic relationship. Conserved motif and gene structure analysis supported the evolutionary conservation of FaERFs. Syntenic analysis showed that four types of duplication events occurred during the expansion of FaERF gene family. Of these, WGD/segmental duplication played a major role. Transcriptomic data of FaERF genes during fruit ripening and in response to abscisic acid screened one activator ( FaERF316 ) and one repressor ( FaERF118 ) that were involved in fruit ripening. Transcriptional regulation analysis showed some transcription factors related to ripening such as ABI4, TCP15, and GLK1 could bind to FaERF316 or FaERF118 promoters, while protein-protein interaction analysis displayed some proteins associated with plant growth and development could interact with FaERF118 or FaERF316. These results suggested that FaERF118 and FaERF316 were potential genes to regulate strawberry ripening. In summary, the present study provides the comprehensive and systematic information on FaERF family evolution and gains insights into FaERF's potential regulatory mechanism in strawberry ripening.