PD-1 Inhibitor for Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Infection in a Person With HIV.

We report a case of a person with human immunodeficiency virus with disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection, in whom antiretroviral therapy combined with all drugs of anti- M avium activity failed to clear the pathogen. After PD-1 inhibitor treatment, T-cell exhaustion was reversed and M avium -specific T-cell response was boosted, together with M avium clearance.