The Impact of Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology: Focus on Gastrointestinal Disorders.
Rosa VonaLucia PallottaMartina CappellettiCarola SeveriPaola MatarresePublished in: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. The imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant systems has been extensively studied in pulmonary, neurodegenerative cardiovascular disorders; however, its contribution is still debated in gastrointestinal disorders. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress affects gastrointestinal motility in obesity, and post-infectious disorders by favoring the smooth muscle phenotypic switch toward a synthetic phenotype. The aim of this review is to gain insight into the role played by oxidative stress in gastrointestinal pathologies (GIT), and the involvement of ROS in the signaling underlying the muscular alterations of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In addition, potential therapeutic strategies based on the use of antioxidants for the treatment of inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases are reviewed and discussed. Although substantial progress has been made in identifying new techniques capable of assessing the presence of oxidative stress in humans, the biochemical-molecular mechanisms underlying GIT mucosal disorders are not yet well defined. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms through which oxidative stress-related signaling can contribute to the alteration of the GIT mucosa in order to devise effective preventive and curative therapeutic strategies.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- dna damage
- reactive oxygen species
- diabetic rats
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- smooth muscle
- induced apoptosis
- cell death
- metabolic syndrome
- insulin resistance
- endothelial cells
- escherichia coli
- staphylococcus aureus
- resistance training
- body composition
- risk assessment
- combination therapy
- skeletal muscle
- heat shock
- adipose tissue
- heat shock protein
- body mass index
- drug induced
- rectal cancer
- heat stress