Caftaric Acid Ameliorates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Bladder Overactivity in Rats Having Interstitial Cystitis: An In Silico Study.
null SaimaIrfan AnjumSaima NajmKashif BarkatHiba-Allah NafidiYousef A Bin JardanMohammed BourhiaPublished in: ACS omega (2023)
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is the principal unwanted effect associated with the use of cyclophosphamide (CYP). It results in increased oxidative stress, overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines, and bladder overactivity. Patients receiving CYP treatment had severely depreciated quality of life, as the treatment available is not safe and effective. The goal of this study was to assess the protective effect of caftaric acid in CYP-induced IC. IC was induced in female Sprague Dawley by injecting CYP (150 mg/kg, i.p.). In the present study, oral administration of caftaric acid (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg) significantly decreased inflammation. Caftaric acid significantly increased SOD (93%), CAT (92%), and GSH (90%) while decreased iNOS (97%), IL-6 (90%), TGF 1-β (83%), and TNF-α (96%) compared to the diseased. DPPH assay showed the antioxidant capacity comparable to ascorbic acid. Molecular docking of caftaric acid with selected protein targets further confirmed its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The cyclophosphamide-induced bladder overactivity had been decreased possibly through the inhibition of M 3 receptors, ATP-sensitive potassium channels, calcium channels, and COX enzyme by caftaric acid. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that caftaric acid has a considerable protective role against CYP-induced IC by decreasing the oxidative stress, inflammation, and bladder smooth muscle hyperexcitability. Thus, caftaric acid signifies a likely adjuvant agent in CYP-based chemotherapy treatments.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- diabetic rats
- molecular docking
- spinal cord injury
- dna damage
- high glucose
- rheumatoid arthritis
- squamous cell carcinoma
- cell proliferation
- early stage
- high dose
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- mouse model
- urinary tract
- small molecule
- heat stress
- replacement therapy
- locally advanced
- fluorescent probe
- nitric oxide synthase