Metabolomics Reveals Antioxidant Stress Responses of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Exposed to Chlorinated Organophosphate Esters.
Qing LiuMenglin LiuSihan WuBowen XiaoXiaolei WangBinbin SunLingyan ZhuPublished in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (2020)
In this study, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was exposed to three of the most typical chlorinated organophosphate esters (OPEs), which are widely present in farmland soil, at environmental concentrations to assess their accumulation, disruption on metabolism, and oxidative stress in wheat. The three OPEs accumulated distinctly in the root and then translocated to the shoot. After exposure for 7 days, the content of chlorophyll b decreased, while the levels of carotenoid and activities of antioxidases, malonaldehyde, and reactive oxygen species increased significantly in both the root and shoot, indicating that the target OPEs caused significant oxidative stresses and affected photosynthesis in wheat. Untargeted metabolomics revealed concentration- and species-dependent metabolic responses of the three OPEs. Saccharides were downregulated, which might be due to the reduced photosynthesis activities. On the other hand, the chlorinated OPEs induced increases in respiration and antioxidative metabolites, revealing that the antioxidant system of wheat was active in scavenging ROS. The disturbance of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate on the metabolisms in wheat tissues was the strongest. These results contribute to the food safety and crop quality assessment of chlorinated OPEs and clarify the underlying mechanisms of their phytotoxicities.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- reactive oxygen species
- mass spectrometry
- gas chromatography
- diabetic rats
- anti inflammatory
- dna damage
- gene expression
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- climate change
- cell death
- heavy metals
- risk assessment
- ms ms
- liquid chromatography
- high glucose
- induced apoptosis
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- heat stress