Asparaginase pharmacology: challenges still to be faced.

More sophisticated preclinical models and suitable methods for monitoring of ASNASE pharmacodynamics are urgently needed (1) to understand the mechanism of action, (2) to establish valid biomarkers for ASNASE sensitivity and resistance, (3) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics/-dynamics of ASNASEs in individual patients, and (4) to compare the bioequivalence of clinically established, as well as new ASNASE preparations.