Phenolic profiles, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of three Gloeophyllum species with chemometric approach.

This study's aim was to determine the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of Gloeophyllum odoratum, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, and Gloeophyllum trabeum species with phenolic profiles. The major compound in G. odoratum (101.6 µg/g) and G. sepiarium (92.61 µg/g) mushrooms was fumaric acid, while ferulic acid was found as the main compound in G. trabeum (11.67 μg/g). The methanol extracts of Gloeophyllum species exhibited the highest activity in CUPRAC, DPPH• , β-carotene-linoleic acid, and ABTS•+ assays while the n-hexane extracts showed the highest activity in the metal chelating assay. Also, the methanol extract of G. odoratum (IC50 : 32.16 ± 0.28 µg/mL) was found to be highly active than its antioxidant standard α-tocopherol (IC50 : 38.51 ± 0.54 µg/mL) in the ABTS•+ radical scavenging assay. All the studied Gloeophyllum species extracts were found to be moderate inhibitors against AChE, whereas G. sepiarium n-hexane extract (69.70 ± 1.92%) and G. odoratum n-hexane extract (58.08 ± 1.36%) exhibited potent BChE inhibitory activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The results of these studies demonstrated that the methanol and the n-hexane extracts had a potential application as alternative natural products for pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. In addition, the chemometric analysis by principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis techniques could be used for the classification of the extracts of Gloeophyllum according to their bioactivity results. This is the first comprehensive study on phenolic profiles and bioactivities of G. odoratum, G. sepiarium, and G. trabeum mushroom species.