Reconciling estimates of global spread and infection fatality rates of COVID-19: An overview of systematic evaluations.
John P A IoannidisPublished in: European journal of clinical investigation (2021)
All systematic evaluations of seroprevalence data converge that SARS-CoV-2 infection is widely spread globally. Acknowledging residual uncertainties, the available evidence suggests average global IFR of ~0.15% and ~1.5-2.0 billion infections by February 2021 with substantial differences in IFR and in infection spread across continents, countries and locations.