Long-term outcomes of endoscopic treatment for duct-to-duct anastomotic strictures after living donor liver transplantation.

Despite a high technical success rate, endoscopic treatment only provided a low rate of resolution of anastomotic biliary strictures among LDLT patients and required prolonged treatment duration. Alternative strategies including the use of a covered metal stent should be evaluated to further improve the treatment outcomes of post-LDLT biliary strictures, particularly in those accompanied by the bile duct kinking.