Cumulative exposure to melphalan chemotherapy and subsequent risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes in patients with multiple myeloma.

In this nationwide population-based study, we show that increased cumulative doses of alkylating therapy with melphalan increases the subsequent risk of developing AML/MDS in patients with MM. Given improved survival in MM patients over the last decade future studies will be important to better define long-term risks.