Serum chromogranin A level continuously rises with the progression of type 1 diabetes, and indicates the presence of both enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia and autoimmune gastritis.

The early detection and follow up of the later progression of enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia and autoimmune gastritis into gastric neuroendocrine tumors, which have ~100-fold greater incidence in type 1 diabetes patients, can be achieved by assessment of CgA levels. Therefore, the use of CgA could be considered as a novel auxiliary biomarker in the care of these type 1 diabetes complications.