The Effect of Smoking on Long-term Gray Matter Atrophy and Clinical Disability in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.
Ingrid Anne LieKristin WesnesSilje S KvistadIman BrouwerStig WergelandTrygve HolmøyRune MidgardAlla BruAstrid EdlandRandi EikelandSonia GosalHanne F HarboGrethe KlevelandYvonne S SørenesNina ØksendalFrederik BarkhofHugo VrenkenKjell-Morten MyhrLars BøØivind TorkildsenPublished in: Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation (2022)
Smoking was associated with brain atrophy and disability progression 10 years later in patients with RRMS. The findings imply that patients should be advised and offered aid in smoking cessation shortly after diagnosis, to prevent long-term disability progression.
Keyphrases
- multiple sclerosis
- smoking cessation
- white matter
- replacement therapy
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- newly diagnosed
- prognostic factors
- peritoneal dialysis
- resting state
- patient reported outcomes
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- functional connectivity
- patient reported
- disease activity