Tramadol and Cycling: Is It the End of a "Painful" Relationship? An Insight From 60,802 Doping-Control Samples From 2012 to 2020.

The decrease in tramadol prevalence in cycling in the last years may be due to (1) the deterrent action of antidoping regulations and (2) the fact that tramadol may not have any actual ergogenic effect on performance.