Comparing the effects of serum GPER-1 and oxidant/antioxidant levels on retinopathy in patients with diabetes and healthy individuals: a pilot study.

Serum G receptor-mediated protein-1 levels, which were the highest in the diabetic retinopathy Group, increased as the oxidant/antioxidant balance changed in favor of oxidative stress. This appears to be a defense mechanism for preventing neuronal damage.