Diamorphine pharmacokinetics and conversion factor estimates for intranasal diamorphine in paediatric breakthrough pain:systematic review.

Silke GastineJames Denzil MorseMiriam Ty LeungIan Chi Kei Ck WongRichard F HowardEmily HarropChristina LiossiJoseph F StandingSatbir Singh JassalRichard D HainSimon S SkeneKate OultonSiew L LawWan T QuekBrian Joseph Anderson

Published in: BMJ supportive & palliative care (2022)

We estimate equianalgesic ratios of intravenous morphine:diamorphine 2:1, intravenous morphine:intranasal diamorphine 1:1 and oral morphine:intranasal diamorphine of 1:3. These ratios are based on adult literature, but are reasonable for deciding on an initial dose of 0.1 mg/kg in children 4-13 years.

Keyphrases

systematic review
high dose
chronic pain
meta analyses
emergency department
intensive care unit
young adults
low dose
spinal cord injury
spinal cord