Interventions to Address Cardiovascular Risk in Obese Patients: Many Hands Make Light Work.
Valeria ViscoCarmine IzzoDavide BonadiesFederica Di FeoGiuseppe CaliendoFrancesco LoriaCostantino MancusiPierpaolo ChivassoPaola Di PietroNicola VirtuosoAlbino CarrizzoCarmine VecchioneMichele CiccarelliPublished in: Journal of cardiovascular development and disease (2023)
Obesity is a growing public health epidemic worldwide and is implicated in slowing improved life expectancy and increasing cardiovascular (CV) risk; indeed, several obesity-related mechanisms drive structural, functional, humoral, and hemodynamic heart alterations. On the other hand, obesity may indirectly cause CV disease, mediated through different obesity-associated comorbidities. Diet and physical activity are key points in preventing CV disease and reducing CV risk; however, these strategies alone are not always sufficient, so other approaches, such as pharmacological treatments and bariatric surgery, must support them. Moreover, these strategies are associated with improved CV risk factors and effectively reduce the incidence of death and CV events such as myocardial infarction and stroke; consequently, an individualized care plan with a multidisciplinary approach is recommended. More precisely, this review explores several interventions (diet, physical activity, pharmacological and surgical treatments) to address CV risk in obese patients and emphasizes the importance of adherence to treatments.
Keyphrases
- bariatric surgery
- weight loss
- obese patients
- physical activity
- roux en y gastric bypass
- gastric bypass
- risk factors
- public health
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome
- weight gain
- type diabetes
- high fat diet induced
- glycemic control
- healthcare
- body mass index
- palliative care
- immune response
- pain management
- skeletal muscle
- adipose tissue
- chronic pain
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- sleep quality